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Bourgault Agronomy

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Salt Effect

The Effects of Desiccation

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Salt Effect occurs when the concentrated fertilizer is located too close to the seed or seedling, causing desiccation. The effects of desiccation will vary depending on:
  • amount of moisture present in the soil;
  • type of fertilizer being applied;
  • rate of fertilizer application;
  • proximity of the fertilizer to the seed.

Salt Index Rating

All granular and liquid fertilizers have a Salt Index Rating, indicating the relative strength of the salt in the fertilizer. Salt content is one of the most critical characteristics of fertilizers. The Salt Index (SI) of a fertilizer is a measure of the salt concentration that fertilizer induces in the soil solution relative to Sodium Nitrate. Sodium nitrate was chosen as the standard because it was 100 percent water soluble and it was a commonly used nitrogen fertilizer when the SI concept was first proposed in 1943.

Salt Index Ratings
Table Salt (Sodium Chloride)
153
Sodium Nitrate (NaNO3)
100
Urea (46-0-0)
74.4
Liquid UAN (28-0-0)
63
Anhydrous ammonia (82-0-0)
47.1
MAP - Monoammonium Phosphate (12-51-0)
26.7
Potassium chloride (0-0-62-0)
120.1

Source: Calculating Salt Index by Dr. John J. Mortvedt 
https://fluidfertilizer.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/05/33P8-11.pdf

Salt Effect of Common Fertilizers

The higher the rating, the greater the salt effect can be to the plant.

  • Urea (46-0-0) and Liquid UAN (28-0-0) are relatively close in salt index rating. The same care should be taken with the application of Liquid UAN as with granular urea, especially if seeding in dry, highly fractured or sandy soil.
  • Anhydrous ammonia has a lower salt index rating, but still must be applied with care due to the large pH changes and affinity to water while converting to a plant available form of nitrogen
  • The low salt index for phosphate (12-51-0) explains part of the reason why phosphate can be placed safely with most seeds. Recommended rates must still be followed when seed-placing phosphate.

Minimize Risk of Salt Effect

Placing the nitrogen fertilizer at a safe distance from the seed row will protect the seed from the desiccation effect. Fertilizers such as Urea or Liquid UAN have a relatively high salt index rating, and must we applied with more caution. Fertilizers with lower salt index ratings, such as monoammonium phosphate can be used in a seed-placed application, but recommended rates must still be followed.

 

Previous Nitrogen Loss & MRB Depth Setting

Designing Equipment Around Agronomy

Bourgault operates a 2500 acre research farm in St. Brieux Saskatchewan. Every year Bourgault conducts field trials which help understand the impact of the design of the equipment on crop development, as well as to provide customers and agronomists with recommendations on how to best utilize the Bourgault lineup of equipment.

Contact a Bourgault Agronomist

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